supreme-court-of-canada-1551191-1-683x1024When asserting a claim under constitutional law, the moving party must meet a specific standard that is easily navigated by an attorney. As one Louisiana man recently learned, without the help of a lawyer, navigating these pleading standards can be difficult and detrimental to the outcome of your case.

In this case, Ms. Young, a health care provider, picked up Mr. Wright, a patient, from a doctor’s appointment. In the course of dropping Mr. Wright off at his house, Ms. Young noticed he escaped from her car. Following her company’s protocol, Ms. Young called the police hoping for help in locating Mr. Wright. When police located Mr. Wright, he assaulted one of the police officers and the officers subsequently criminally charged him.

Mr. Wright believed Ms. Young and her employer, Superior Options, were at fault for the incident leading to the officer’s assault. Mr. Wright filed claims against the parties under the premise of  42 U.S.C. § 1983 which imposes liability on anyone who impedes upon someone else’s rights provided by the Constitution. He claimed that his constitutional right barring cruel and unusual punishment was violated by the health care providers. Mr. Wright also claimed that, under Louisiana law, Ms. Young was negligent and intentionally caused him emotional distress. The Trial Court denied Mr. Wright’s federal claims because his case was not supported by evidence, but Mr. Wright was not satisfied with the Trial Court’s decision and appealed.

us-capitol-building-7-1233904-1-1024x683In a lawsuit, a client’s claims need to be monitored every step of the way. If an issue is revived in an appeal, an attorney must keep track of it and reinforce it at each new representation. If an attorney doesn’t continue to assert a claim, a court might think the party abandoned the issue and the court will not review it on appeal. Keeping these claims alive is not a major undertaking, but as Glenn E. Alphonse, Jr. learned in his recent case, even the slightest misstep in this area can make or break an outcome.

In 2010, Mr. Alphonse defaulted on his mortgage, so Arch Bay Holdings, LLC began foreclosure proceedings on his house.  Alphonse filed a lawsuit against Arch Bay Holdings, LLC under the Louisiana Unfair Trade Practices Act (LUTPA) and Federal Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA). After various motions and appeals, the District Court dismissed Alphonse’s case. Alphonse appealed this ruling to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeal.

A central issue to Alphonse’s appeal was whether federal question jurisdiction existed. Federal question jurisdiction allows a plaintiff to proceed with a case in federal court; it is what gives the official power to a court to make legal decisions and judgments. The Fifth Circuit first examined whether Alphonse waived his right to certain claims during the litigation of his case which gave rise to federal question jurisdiction. If Alphonse waived his rights to these claims then he waived his right to proceed under federal question jurisdiction. Waiver of Alphonse’s federal claims during the appeals process meant that those claims could not be brought before the District Court for consideration.  Alphonse admitted that he waived some of his federal claims during the appeals process, but claimed that he left one claim intact and argued that he still possessed federal question jurisdiction.

himba-2-1622262-689x1024We enter into contracts all the time without putting the agreement in writing; we form contracts when we buy a cup of coffee, when we shop online, etc. Some types of contracts, however, are required by law to be in writing. Kevin and Monica Schmidt (the Schmidts) learned this the hard way when they could not enforce an oral agreement to frack oil wells in Beauregard Parish.

The Schmidts’ complaint alleged that they entered into an oral agreement with J-Lu Company Limited, L.L.C. (J-Lu) to fracture oil wells in which J-Lu owned an interest. Under their agreement, the Schmidts, in return for their fracking services, would split J-Lu’s interest in the wells. Thus, the split interests meant that both the Schmidts and J-Lu would share profits from the oil produced from the wells. Despite its agreement with the Schmidts, J-Lu subsequently made a deal with Will-Drill Operating Company (Will-Drill) to fracture the same oil wells.

The Schmidts subsequently filed a lawsuit to enforce their contract with J-Lu, claiming their injury was the lost profits they would be entitled to under the agreement. J-Lu filed a motion to dismiss the Schmidts’ lawsuit, and the district court granted it because Louisiana law requires a written contract when transferring interests in mineral (i.e. oil and gas) rights. La. C.C. Art. 1839; La. R.S. 31:18. The Schmidts appealed the District Court’s decision.

country-1375837-1024x769Sometimes we don’t have the best neighbors. For example, a neighbor might block access to your land, arguing that it is, in fact, the neighbor’s land you traverse on a daily basis. When such a dispute arises, get a good real estate attorney. If ingress to a piece of your property requires you to pass over someone else’s land, you might need to seek an easement. An easement is simply a right of passage through someone else’s land. This can be done in one of three ways: (1) by agreement, (2) by traditional or historic use, or (3) by necessity. In a recent case, the parties fought over the right to pass over a gravel road in Webster Parish, Louisiana. In the case, the court discusses its discretion in deciding whether an easement is necessary.  

In this case, Alvah Corley and Cathy Corley owned two pieces of land that were not adjacent to each other, the Corley Home (the “Corley Land”) and a 54-acre plot of land (the “54”). The 54 lies east of the Corley Land but in between those two plots were two other tracts of land. One tract was owned by Carlton and Jan Frye (the “Frye Land”) and the other owned by Carol Ann Sims Tabor, Hallie Sims, and Gilbert Sims (the “Sims-Tabor Land”). Historically, getting to the 54 meant traversing a gravel road that started on a public road, crossed through the Corley Home, through the Frye Land, yet more through the Sims-Tabor Land, and then finally reaching the 54. There is an alternate route that only passes through the Sims-Tabor Land. However, the route is flooded during certain periods of the year.  At one point, Carlton Frye placed a locked gate, stopping the Corleys from crossing through the Frye Land, which gave rise to this claim.

At trial, the Corleys sought three orders from the Trial Court: (1) an injunction to stop the Fryes from denying the Corleys access through the Frye Land, (2) a declaration that the 54 is an “enclosed estate,” and, in the alternative, (3) an order that maintained the Corleys’ right of passage through the Frye Land based on 30 years of use. The Trial Court found in favor of the Corleys, declared the 54 to be an “enclosed estate,” granted the Corleys right of passage across the Frye Land, and ordered that the Fryes be compensated $400 yearly by the Corleys. To this, the Fryes appealed.

prison-1198488-1024x768The importance of adhering to required timelines and District Court orders could not be overstated. A failure to comply with court deadlines can result not only in your claims being dismissed but also a heavy fine. Former inmates at Richwood Correctional Center (“RCC”) learned that the hard way on appeal in the Louisiana Second Circuit of Appeal.

On April 25, 2012, plaintiffs – several former inmates at the RCC – were involved in a motor vehicle accident. The plaintiffs’ alleged that Cary Duncan, an RCC employee, made an improper lane change while driving them to their work assignment, and struck another vehicle. The plaintiffs also alleged that they sustained injuries in the motor vehicle accident.

On April 9, 2013, the plaintiffs filed a lawsuit in the District Court of Ouachita Parish against Duncan, RCC, Lasalle Management Company (they manage and operate RCC), and National Fire Insurance Company. The plaintiffs alleged that they were injured, and when treated in the emergency room, were not provided with proper follow-up treatment. They also alleged that when they complained of their injuries they were placed in solitary confinement and that they were forced to work while injured.

new-orleans-1446699-1024x768How familiar are you with your motorist insurance policy? Are you fully covered for uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage? In Louisiana, uninsured motorist coverage protects you if you’re in an accident with an at-fault driver who doesn’t carry liability insurance. Underinsured motorist coverage, on the other hand, steps in when you’re in an accident with an at-fault driver whose liability limits are too low to cover the damage or medical expenses. Every insurance policy in Louisiana is considered to include uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage unless it is validly rejected. In a recent case, the Louisiana Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal found that an electronic signature on an online form was valid to uphold an insurance policy.

In August 2011, Plaintiff Rapalo-Alfaor filed a lawsuit against George Lee Jr. and Liberty Mutual, Lee’s insurance company, in the District Court of Orleans Parish.  Plaintiff alleged that he was rear-ended while driving on I-610 by Lee.  Lee responded to the suite and both parties engaged in discovery for several years.  Discovery is an exchange of questions and requests for documents served on the other party in order to establish facts in a lawsuit.

Plaintiff later amended the lawsuit to include Underwriters of Lloyd, Plaintiff’s insurance company.  Plaintiff alleged that under his policy with Lloyd he was entitled to medical payments and uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage.  Lloyd denied both claims by the Plaintiff.  Lloyd subsequently filed two motions for summary judgment.  A motion for summary judgment is a request for the court to rule that the other party has no case because there are no facts at issue.  The first motion alleged that Plaintiff had canceled the policy prior to the accident but this was denied by the District Court.  The second motion alleged that Plaintiff did not contract for medical payment coverage and he denied uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage.  Lloyd included copies of the policy and the Plaintiff’s application for coverage.

toxic-1189855-1024x681A unique feature of our American federal system is the separate yet intertwined system of state and federal courts. Sometimes a dispute may begin in a state court and end up in federal court. And sometimes, there may end up being parallel proceedings in both the state and federal systems. There are limits, however. A federal court can decline to hear an action if there is a parallel proceeding in the state court system. Recently, the Fifth Circuit Court of appeal was called upon to determine whether a district court erred when it declined to hear a declaratory action and related counterclaims.

In May 2012, Jeffrey Dugas II purchased an Icee cup drink from the Regency Inn in Lafayette, Louisiana. Dugas sustained injuries from the Icee cup, which was found to contain toxic chemicals; specifically sodium hydroxide, a chemical found in the hotel’s laundry facility. Sohum LLC, the owners of the Regency Inn, filed a lawsuit against their insurance provider, Century Surety Company after the insurer declined to defend Sohum in a court case brought by Dugas. Century then filed a declaratory action in federal court asking for a declaratory judgment stating that the insurance policy Sohum had in force at the time of Dugas’ injuries excluded coverage for injuries caused by harmful materials. Since Dugas’ injuries were the result of laundry chemicals, Century claimed that Sohum’s insurance policy did not cover the injuries.

Sohum brought counterclaims against Century, alleging that the insurer breached their contract by refusing to defend them in court and provide coverage for the injuries Dugas sustained. Further, Sohum claimed Century refused coverage in bad faith; that the insurer was reliable through the doctrine of estoppel based on “unspecified prior representations”; vicarious liability based on misrepresentation by the insurance company’s agents; and, lastly, unfair business practices based on the insurer’s failure to reveal material facts to Sohum. Century filed a motion to dismiss based on Sohum’s counterclaims of bad faith and unfair commercial practices.

car-wash-5-1508129-1024x823Reasonable minds could perhaps agree that “reasonableness” is a word not easily defined.   What is reasonable to one person may or may not be reasonable to another.  Yet, “reasonableness” is often the term used to measure the soundness of lower courts’ decisions on appeal.  And in the case at hand, a “reasonable” conclusion by one person completely barred an entire personal injury lawsuit against multiple parties.

Don and Dylan Yesso were inside their vehicle at Benny’s Express Car Wash Number Three, an automatic car wash, in July of 2010 when their car was hit multiple times from the rear. The Yessos were following a vehicle driven by Sadie Scott. The Yessos allegedly sustained several injuries requiring medical treatment as well as damage to their vehicle.  It was established at trial, however, that the maximum speed at which the unmanned car hit the Yessos’ car was .68 miles per hour. The Yessos filed a lawsuit against Scott, Benny’s and State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company.  After a bench trial (a trial without a jury where the judge renders the verdict), the Yessos’ lawsuit was dismissed without any written or oral reason for the dismissal.

The Yessos appealed to the Louisiana First Circuit Court of Appeal.  In order to overturn the lower court’s decision, the Court of Appeal would need to find that there was no reasonable factual basis for the trial court’s decision and the record shows that the decision is clearly wrong.  The Court noted they were tasked with determining whether the trial court judge’s decision was reasonable.  Even if the Court of Appeal thinks its own determination based on the evidence is more reasonable, the Court still cannot overturn the lower court if the lower court was at all reasonable in reaching its decision.

stop-san-francisco-1496611-1024x683When it comes to road safety, you can only rely on yourself. Know the rules of the road and always take precautions. In a recent case, a car accident dispute was brought to court to determine the liability of the parties. The case explains the responsibilities of motorists in Louisiana and why you should only rely on yourself for proper road safety and not assume that everyone else will take adequate precautions. The plaintiffs in a recent case learned this lesson the hard way.

On January 23, 2013, Plaintiffs Joseph Solomon and Betty were stopped at a stop sign at the intersection of North 8th Street and Louisville Avenue as they traveled southbound on North 8th Street. Sarah Tugwell was heading westbound on Louisville Avenue, a four-lane east-west thoroughfare. North 8th Street was traffic controlled through a stop sign. However, Louisville Avenue had no traffic control, no lights and no stop sign. This means drivers on Louisville Avenue have right of the way to travel, and those on North 8th Street must yield accordingly. So, Tugwell had right of the way, and Solomon and Blount had the stop sign.

According to the Plaintiffs, there was an unrelated accident on Louisville that slowed down traffic, and to Plaintiffs’ credit, an officer reported having his lights on further down Louisville to indicate officers were present handling an accident.  As a result of the accident, traffic was backed up, and Plaintiffs could not see the inside westbound lane while they were stopped at the stop sign. However, an unknown driver signaled for Plaintiffs to go. Relying on the kind and common gesture, Blount drove into the intersection. Thereafter, the Plaintiffs said Tugwell pulled out from the outside lane towards the inside lane, driving into the intersection. A collision ensued. However, Tugwell had some slightly different details.

broken-glass-1221856-1024x769Filing and pursuing a lawsuit is no small task.  Besides the often-significant monetary aspect, a plaintiff (the party filing the lawsuit) should be prepared for a large time commitment and effort in providing the necessary evidence to support their case.  Good lawyers know how to aid their clients in gathering evidence and navigating the logistical aspects of a lawsuit as efficiently as possible.  Litigation can sometimes take years, but a seasoned lawyer will know how to provide the motivation clients need to successfully pursue their claims and reach recovery. In a recent case out of Zachary Louisiana, the plaintiff filed a lawsuit he was simply not prepared to effectively maintain.

Wayne Boyd was driving past a Regions Bank in Zachary, Louisiana when suddenly a rock flew through his window, breaking the glass and hitting him in the face.  Allegedly, the rock was thrown by a lawnmower operated on Regions Bank property by a landscaping service. Boyd filed his lawsuit in 2010 and, after some confusion over the right person to sue, BNL Enterprises, LLC – the landscaping service – was added as the defendant in 2011.  In October 2013, the District Court set a trial date of May 20, 2014.  Despite the immense amount of time to prepare, on the date of the trial, Boyd requested a continuance of the trial because he felt he was emotionally unprepared.  BNL was prepared for trial and opposed the continuance.

The District Court Judge orally denied the request for a continuance.  The Judge gave the parties ten days to attempt to resolve the case themselves.  After the ten days was up, the Judge stated he would entertain defendant’s motion to dismiss the case for plaintiff’s failure to prosecute.

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