Articles Posted in Litigation

lamp-post-1230572-689x1024Language is key when it comes to the law. A court cannot give a plaintiff what he or she asks for if the request is vague. In a similar vein, a judgment’s lack of certain magic words can render it defective. Words have precise meanings in order to be given legal effect. This is illustrated by a recent of the Louisiana Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal. In this case, the Court of Appeal found that a trial court’s judgment lacked the required decretal language required to give the document legal effect.

Baraki Tsegaye was a taxi driver in New Orleans. While waiting for a fare outside of a hotel a pole fell on him and he was injured. Tsegaye sued Royal Engineers & Consultants, LLC, who were responsible for the light pole that struck him. Royal Engineers argued that they had no notice that the light pole was defective and filed a motion for summary judgment for the lawsuit to be dismissed with prejudice. To dismiss a case with prejudice means the case would be permanently ended. The Trial Court granted Royal Engineers’ motion for summary judgment but the judgment did not contain any decretal language, or words giving a legal effect. Tsegaye appeal the judgment.

The Louisiana Constitution grants the Courts of Appeal with appellate jurisdiction as well as supervisory jurisdiction. See La. Const. Art. V, § 10(A). Under La. C.C.P. art. 2082, appellate jurisdiction can be invoked as a matter of right by a litigant. And according to La. C.C.P. art. 2201, the decision to invoke supervisory jurisdiction lies within the discretion of the court. In order for a Court of Appeal to consider a case, there must be a final judgment.

ambulance-light-1245195-1024x683Excessive police force has become a nightly topic in the American news cycle. Ranging from discrimination to life-and-death situations, no one wants to be on the receiving end of mistreatment. In a recent case, a Louisiana woman experienced what she felt was excessive force by law enforcement officers in her own home. The Court of Appeal, however, disagreed. In its decision, the Court of Appeal discussed the burden of proof necessary to succeed on civil rights claims against government officers.

On November 16, 2011, the Gretna Police Department Special Response Team (“SRT”) entered Ms. Willie Nell Bullock’s home to execute a drug warrant. Video footage shows that two minutes after entering the home, an officer escorted Ms. Willie Nell Bullock outside and unfolded a chair for her on which she could sit. Ms. Bullock’s health was poor. She recently underwent surgery and suffered from advanced stage cancer, blood pressure, and diabetes. A year after this event, Ms. Bullock’s family filed a Section 1983 civil rights claim against the Gretna Police Department in federal court. The Bullocks’ alleged that Willie’s Fourth Amendment rights were violated by Gretna Police Department’s use of excessive force. The Trial Court granted the Police Department’s motion for summary judgment because of the dubious reliability of the claims asserted by the plaintiff, and the defendant’s qualified immunity. Ms. Bullock’s family appealed.

To prove a violation of a constitutional right by excessive use of force, the plaintiff must provide evidence that her injury resulted from the defendant’s clearly excessive use of force. That use of force in question must be so excessive that it is objectively unreasonable. Ramirez v. Martinez, 716 F.3d 369, 377 (5th Cir. 2013). This type of analysis requires the U.S. Courts of Appeal to look at the totality of the circumstances in determining whether the plaintiff has met her burden of proof.

us-highway-1-1631163-1024x683In recent years, many have reported on America’s crumbling infrastructure. Reports show roads, bridges, and dams in disrepair, and raise significant questions about whether governments are applying appropriate modern standards when it comes to our infrastructure. In a recent case, the plaintiffs alleged that the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development contributed to the death of a teenager in failing to apply appropriate standards in the Highway 923 overlay project. In this case, the Louisiana Third Circuit Court of Appeal discusses some of the evidentiary issues involved in establishing legal liability.

Two cousins, Weston Brown and Dustin Brown were traveling on Louisiana Highway 923 in Catahoula, Louisiana. Weston was fifteen years old at the time, and Dustin was seventeen. Dustin was driving. He passed a vehicle in the other lane before returning to his lane. He then saw a white car stopped in the middle of the road and tried to pass it in the other lane. Amanda Coleman was driving in the other lane and began to turn left. Dustin reacted and swerved to the left. His wheels hit the asphalt near the road’s shoulder. He tried to correct by swerving right. But he overcorrected. Dustin’s truck fell into a ditch, striking solid concrete. It flipped into the air, sending Weston Brown flying to his death.

All parties agreed that Dustin was driving at an excessive speed, but there was an issue of whether Louisiana’s Department of Transportation and Development (“DOTD”) contributed to the accident by failing to apply appropriate and modern standards in maintaining Highway 923. Built in the 1950s, the highway uses 1948 standards. An overlay project was conducted on the highway in 1988, expanding the travel lanes and decreasing the width of the shoulders. While DODT contended that the 1948 standards were appropriate in conducting the overlay project, and no modern updates were needed, the Plaintiffs argued that the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials requires conformity with modern standards.

three-herons-1395291-1024x819When a plaintiff files a lawsuit, he or she must make sure that the filing is done in the right court at the right time. The court hearing the dispute must have the power to adjudicate and resolve those claims. Sometimes, certain legal doctrine can bar a court from hearing a case, such as sovereign immunity. And similarly, cases can only be decided if the timing is right – the claim must not be brought to early or too late. The effect of filing the claim in the wrong court or at the wrong time can lead to a dismissal, wasting a substantial amount of time and money. In a recent decision, the United States Fifth Circuit Court of Appeal found that a case against the Secretary of the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries was both barred by sovereign immunity and not ripe for adjudication.

The initial controversy in this East Baton Rouge case arose when the owners of Comite Dirt Pit, Inc. (CDP), Plaintiffs Richard and Betty Rush, failed to comply with the Louisiana Scenic Rivers Act (LSRA). The LSRA prohibits mining, logging, and the removal of trees within 100 feet of rivers such as the Comite River. La. R.S. 56:1856. The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) had multiple temporary restraining orders (TRO) served upon CDP, which was situated on the Comite River, to cease its activity. The Plaintiffs challenged these TROs and filed a lawsuit alleging that LDWF was in violation of the Takings Clause and the Tenth Amendment. The lawsuit was dismissed because the Trial Court found that there was no subject matter jurisdiction. The Plaintiffs appealed.

There were two significant legal issues in this case. First, the Eleventh Amendment prohibits lawsuits in which the damages would be paid from public funds (i.e. lawsuits against the government). See Edelman v. Jordan, 415 U.S. 661 (1974). This is known as sovereign immunity. Though the lawsuit named Robert Barnham as a defendant, he was the Secretary of the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries.  Thus, if the defendant was found guilty of the Rush’s allegations, the damages would be paid with state money and the Eleventh Amendment. The Fifth Circuit accordingly found that the suit was barred and it had no jurisdiction over the Plaintiffs’ complaints.

ballroom-sign-1195748-1024x768The Louisiana Merchant Liability Statute aims to protect persons from unreasonable risks of harm by unscrupulous merchants. At the same time, it limits the liability of merchants and protects them from frivolous lawsuits. In order to succeed on a merchant liability claim, the plaintiff must show that the merchant knew or should’ve known of the dangerous condition that harmed the plaintiff. In a recent case, while considering that a dance ballroom can be considered a “merchant, the Louisiana First Circuit Court of Appeal found that the plaintiff failed to show that the defendants had knowledge or constructive knowledge of the risk of harm.

In October 2010, D’Andrea Mills slipped and fell on a spilled drink and broken glass on the dance floor while attending a private party at the Lyceum Dean Ballroom in Baton Rouge. Mills sustained injuries, including two broken bones, which later required surgery, and was taken to the local ER for assistance. Mills filed a lawsuit seeking damages against Cyntreniks Plaza, L.L.C., the owner and operator of the Lyceum. Cyntreniks moved for summary judgment, seeking to have the case thrown out before trial. In its motion, Cyntreniks argued that Mills failed to satisfy her burden of proof under the Merchant Liability Statute, La. R.S. 9:2800.6, and there were no genuine issues of material fact for the court to determine.

The Trial Court granted summary judgment in favor of Cyntreniks and dismissed Mills’ claim. Mills appealed the judgment to Louisiana’s First Circuit Court of Appeals. The Circuit Court affirmed the lower court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of Cyntreniks. Judge Holdridge dissented.

medicine-5-1544051-1024x768It is no secret that a lawsuit has the potential to become a tangled web of procedural issues. This is why it is always a good idea to secure a good attorney with experience in dealing with the court system. Perhaps less common is the situation where the judge, the party responsible for ensuring an efficient and timely resolution of the dispute, gets tripped up in this procedural web. This is exactly the situation below.

The dispute centers on a medical malpractice claim. Ms. Johnson showed up to Tulane University Hospital and Clinic (Hospital) one evening suffering from a severe headache and double vision. The Hospital staff administered an IV in Johnson’s arm, which later became infected. The Hospital discharged her with some antibiotics and told her to follow up with her primary care physician. Ultimately, the infection worsened and required a more serious antibiotic treatment and even surgery. Johnson sued the Hospital and the nursing staff.

Johnson alleged six total negligence claims against the Hospital and the nurses. Pursuant to the Hospital’s summary judgment motion, the Trial Court dismissed all five allegations against the nursing staff but allowed one claim to proceed against the Hospital. That one claim pertained to the antibiotic dosage the Hospital prescribed to Johnson after her initial visit.

life-is-a-highway-2-1174522-1024x768When you are in a motor vehicle accident, there are many issues that can arise as to the issue of fault and whose version of events is more reliable. Conflicting versions of what happened can make it difficult for the court to assign fault. It is thus important to always be aware of your surroundings and the laws of driving a motor vehicle, as illustrated in the following case.

In September 2013, in Ouachita Parish, Mr. Williams was operating a tractor on the road while traveling between two landscaping jobs. Sheriff’s Deputy Mr. Coleman attempted to pass the slow-moving tractor near an intersection, and the tractor struck the rear passenger side of the Sheriff’s van as it was passing. Mr. Williams suffered minor injury as a result.

Mr. Williams filed a lawsuit against Mr. Coleman, the Parish Sheriff, and their insurers. But the Trial Court assigned Mr. William’s 100% of the fault. It considered that he should have been able to avoid the accident had he looked before he turned and saw the Sheriff’s vehicle passing him. Mr. William’s appealed.

abandoned-mental-hospital-1543214-1024x766In November 2008, in Claiborne Parish, Mr. Fields went to Willis Knighton Claiborne Regional Health Center for complaints of diarrhea. Mr. Fields also had an extended history of medical issues, including hypertension and a kidney transplant. He saw a nurse practitioner, who consulted with a doctor and gave him a prescription for a generic antibacterial, which he took as directed. About a week later, he called his doctor’s office complaining that the medicine was making him feel worse. He alleged that he was instructed to continue taking the medicine as originally directed.

The next day, he collapsed at home and died soon after. The cause of death on his death certificate was listed as an acute cardiovascular attempt, which related to his past medical conditions. His children petitioned the Medical Review Panel (“MRP”) alleging malpractice by the hospital and its medical professionals. But the MRP concluded that the standard of care had not been breached, partly because Mr. Fields had never come back in for a follow-up. Mr. Fields’ children then filed a lawsuit against the hospital and Mr. Fields’ doctor and nurse as its employees.

The hospital filed a motion for summary judgment, arguing that the case should be dismissed because there were no genuine issues of material fact. The hospital supported its motion with the MRP’s findings of no breach of care and no causation. Opposing the motion, Mr. Fields’ children supported their allegations with a statement from Dr. Blanche Borzelle, a board-certified physician stating that the nurse and doctor involved had breached the standard of care and concluding that the breach led to Mr. Fields’ death.

supreme-court-of-canada-1551191-1-683x1024When asserting a claim under constitutional law, the moving party must meet a specific standard that is easily navigated by an attorney. As one Louisiana man recently learned, without the help of a lawyer, navigating these pleading standards can be difficult and detrimental to the outcome of your case.

In this case, Ms. Young, a health care provider, picked up Mr. Wright, a patient, from a doctor’s appointment. In the course of dropping Mr. Wright off at his house, Ms. Young noticed he escaped from her car. Following her company’s protocol, Ms. Young called the police hoping for help in locating Mr. Wright. When police located Mr. Wright, he assaulted one of the police officers and the officers subsequently criminally charged him.

Mr. Wright believed Ms. Young and her employer, Superior Options, were at fault for the incident leading to the officer’s assault. Mr. Wright filed claims against the parties under the premise of  42 U.S.C. § 1983 which imposes liability on anyone who impedes upon someone else’s rights provided by the Constitution. He claimed that his constitutional right barring cruel and unusual punishment was violated by the health care providers. Mr. Wright also claimed that, under Louisiana law, Ms. Young was negligent and intentionally caused him emotional distress. The Trial Court denied Mr. Wright’s federal claims because his case was not supported by evidence, but Mr. Wright was not satisfied with the Trial Court’s decision and appealed.

us-capitol-building-7-1233904-1-1024x683In a lawsuit, a client’s claims need to be monitored every step of the way. If an issue is revived in an appeal, an attorney must keep track of it and reinforce it at each new representation. If an attorney doesn’t continue to assert a claim, a court might think the party abandoned the issue and the court will not review it on appeal. Keeping these claims alive is not a major undertaking, but as Glenn E. Alphonse, Jr. learned in his recent case, even the slightest misstep in this area can make or break an outcome.

In 2010, Mr. Alphonse defaulted on his mortgage, so Arch Bay Holdings, LLC began foreclosure proceedings on his house.  Alphonse filed a lawsuit against Arch Bay Holdings, LLC under the Louisiana Unfair Trade Practices Act (LUTPA) and Federal Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA). After various motions and appeals, the District Court dismissed Alphonse’s case. Alphonse appealed this ruling to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeal.

A central issue to Alphonse’s appeal was whether federal question jurisdiction existed. Federal question jurisdiction allows a plaintiff to proceed with a case in federal court; it is what gives the official power to a court to make legal decisions and judgments. The Fifth Circuit first examined whether Alphonse waived his right to certain claims during the litigation of his case which gave rise to federal question jurisdiction. If Alphonse waived his rights to these claims then he waived his right to proceed under federal question jurisdiction. Waiver of Alphonse’s federal claims during the appeals process meant that those claims could not be brought before the District Court for consideration.  Alphonse admitted that he waived some of his federal claims during the appeals process, but claimed that he left one claim intact and argued that he still possessed federal question jurisdiction.

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