Articles Posted in Civil Matter

us-capitol-building-7-1233904-1-1024x683In a lawsuit, a client’s claims need to be monitored every step of the way. If an issue is revived in an appeal, an attorney must keep track of it and reinforce it at each new representation. If an attorney doesn’t continue to assert a claim, a court might think the party abandoned the issue and the court will not review it on appeal. Keeping these claims alive is not a major undertaking, but as Glenn E. Alphonse, Jr. learned in his recent case, even the slightest misstep in this area can make or break an outcome.

In 2010, Mr. Alphonse defaulted on his mortgage, so Arch Bay Holdings, LLC began foreclosure proceedings on his house.  Alphonse filed a lawsuit against Arch Bay Holdings, LLC under the Louisiana Unfair Trade Practices Act (LUTPA) and Federal Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA). After various motions and appeals, the District Court dismissed Alphonse’s case. Alphonse appealed this ruling to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeal.

A central issue to Alphonse’s appeal was whether federal question jurisdiction existed. Federal question jurisdiction allows a plaintiff to proceed with a case in federal court; it is what gives the official power to a court to make legal decisions and judgments. The Fifth Circuit first examined whether Alphonse waived his right to certain claims during the litigation of his case which gave rise to federal question jurisdiction. If Alphonse waived his rights to these claims then he waived his right to proceed under federal question jurisdiction. Waiver of Alphonse’s federal claims during the appeals process meant that those claims could not be brought before the District Court for consideration.  Alphonse admitted that he waived some of his federal claims during the appeals process, but claimed that he left one claim intact and argued that he still possessed federal question jurisdiction.

himba-2-1622262-689x1024We enter into contracts all the time without putting the agreement in writing; we form contracts when we buy a cup of coffee, when we shop online, etc. Some types of contracts, however, are required by law to be in writing. Kevin and Monica Schmidt (the Schmidts) learned this the hard way when they could not enforce an oral agreement to frack oil wells in Beauregard Parish.

The Schmidts’ complaint alleged that they entered into an oral agreement with J-Lu Company Limited, L.L.C. (J-Lu) to fracture oil wells in which J-Lu owned an interest. Under their agreement, the Schmidts, in return for their fracking services, would split J-Lu’s interest in the wells. Thus, the split interests meant that both the Schmidts and J-Lu would share profits from the oil produced from the wells. Despite its agreement with the Schmidts, J-Lu subsequently made a deal with Will-Drill Operating Company (Will-Drill) to fracture the same oil wells.

The Schmidts subsequently filed a lawsuit to enforce their contract with J-Lu, claiming their injury was the lost profits they would be entitled to under the agreement. J-Lu filed a motion to dismiss the Schmidts’ lawsuit, and the district court granted it because Louisiana law requires a written contract when transferring interests in mineral (i.e. oil and gas) rights. La. C.C. Art. 1839; La. R.S. 31:18. The Schmidts appealed the District Court’s decision.

country-1375837-1024x769Sometimes we don’t have the best neighbors. For example, a neighbor might block access to your land, arguing that it is, in fact, the neighbor’s land you traverse on a daily basis. When such a dispute arises, get a good real estate attorney. If ingress to a piece of your property requires you to pass over someone else’s land, you might need to seek an easement. An easement is simply a right of passage through someone else’s land. This can be done in one of three ways: (1) by agreement, (2) by traditional or historic use, or (3) by necessity. In a recent case, the parties fought over the right to pass over a gravel road in Webster Parish, Louisiana. In the case, the court discusses its discretion in deciding whether an easement is necessary.  

In this case, Alvah Corley and Cathy Corley owned two pieces of land that were not adjacent to each other, the Corley Home (the “Corley Land”) and a 54-acre plot of land (the “54”). The 54 lies east of the Corley Land but in between those two plots were two other tracts of land. One tract was owned by Carlton and Jan Frye (the “Frye Land”) and the other owned by Carol Ann Sims Tabor, Hallie Sims, and Gilbert Sims (the “Sims-Tabor Land”). Historically, getting to the 54 meant traversing a gravel road that started on a public road, crossed through the Corley Home, through the Frye Land, yet more through the Sims-Tabor Land, and then finally reaching the 54. There is an alternate route that only passes through the Sims-Tabor Land. However, the route is flooded during certain periods of the year.  At one point, Carlton Frye placed a locked gate, stopping the Corleys from crossing through the Frye Land, which gave rise to this claim.

At trial, the Corleys sought three orders from the Trial Court: (1) an injunction to stop the Fryes from denying the Corleys access through the Frye Land, (2) a declaration that the 54 is an “enclosed estate,” and, in the alternative, (3) an order that maintained the Corleys’ right of passage through the Frye Land based on 30 years of use. The Trial Court found in favor of the Corleys, declared the 54 to be an “enclosed estate,” granted the Corleys right of passage across the Frye Land, and ordered that the Fryes be compensated $400 yearly by the Corleys. To this, the Fryes appealed.

prison-1198488-1024x768The importance of adhering to required timelines and District Court orders could not be overstated. A failure to comply with court deadlines can result not only in your claims being dismissed but also a heavy fine. Former inmates at Richwood Correctional Center (“RCC”) learned that the hard way on appeal in the Louisiana Second Circuit of Appeal.

On April 25, 2012, plaintiffs – several former inmates at the RCC – were involved in a motor vehicle accident. The plaintiffs’ alleged that Cary Duncan, an RCC employee, made an improper lane change while driving them to their work assignment, and struck another vehicle. The plaintiffs also alleged that they sustained injuries in the motor vehicle accident.

On April 9, 2013, the plaintiffs filed a lawsuit in the District Court of Ouachita Parish against Duncan, RCC, Lasalle Management Company (they manage and operate RCC), and National Fire Insurance Company. The plaintiffs alleged that they were injured, and when treated in the emergency room, were not provided with proper follow-up treatment. They also alleged that when they complained of their injuries they were placed in solitary confinement and that they were forced to work while injured.

broken-glass-1221856-1024x769Filing and pursuing a lawsuit is no small task.  Besides the often-significant monetary aspect, a plaintiff (the party filing the lawsuit) should be prepared for a large time commitment and effort in providing the necessary evidence to support their case.  Good lawyers know how to aid their clients in gathering evidence and navigating the logistical aspects of a lawsuit as efficiently as possible.  Litigation can sometimes take years, but a seasoned lawyer will know how to provide the motivation clients need to successfully pursue their claims and reach recovery. In a recent case out of Zachary Louisiana, the plaintiff filed a lawsuit he was simply not prepared to effectively maintain.

Wayne Boyd was driving past a Regions Bank in Zachary, Louisiana when suddenly a rock flew through his window, breaking the glass and hitting him in the face.  Allegedly, the rock was thrown by a lawnmower operated on Regions Bank property by a landscaping service. Boyd filed his lawsuit in 2010 and, after some confusion over the right person to sue, BNL Enterprises, LLC – the landscaping service – was added as the defendant in 2011.  In October 2013, the District Court set a trial date of May 20, 2014.  Despite the immense amount of time to prepare, on the date of the trial, Boyd requested a continuance of the trial because he felt he was emotionally unprepared.  BNL was prepared for trial and opposed the continuance.

The District Court Judge orally denied the request for a continuance.  The Judge gave the parties ten days to attempt to resolve the case themselves.  After the ten days was up, the Judge stated he would entertain defendant’s motion to dismiss the case for plaintiff’s failure to prosecute.

baby-1435548-1024x683The goal of marriage is often “happily ever after.” Sometimes, it does not end up working out that way. What happens when a child born during a marriage is the result of an affair? What legal rights does the real father have towards establishing that the child is his? The following case out of Acadia Parish demonstrates Louisiana’s jurisprudentially-created doctrine of avowal.

Michael Leger and Danielle Leger were married in 2007. In the Fall of 2011, Danielle had an affair with John Fontenot. Danielle became pregnant with Gracelynn Leger, who was born in August 2012. Fontenot had a DNA test done in October 2012, which indicated he was Gracelynn’s father.

On March 3, 2014, Fontenot served Michael with a petition for custody of Gracelynn, alleging that he was Gracelynn’s father. Michael was notified for the first time of the affair between Danielle and Fontenot and that he might not be Gracelynn’s father. In May 2014, Michael filed a petition for divorce against Danielle. Fontenot filed a Petition for Intervention, for Paternity and Custody, alleging that he was unable to file a timely avowal action because he feared for the safety of Danielle and Gracelynn. Michael filed a Peremptory Exception of Preemption, No Right of Action, and No Cause of Action.

jim-1484424-1024x768Ever wondered about the seemingly daunting world of contracts: the myriad of pages and often boring mechanical reading, not to mention those terms and conditions written in legalese? For most of us, not really. That’s for sure. But sometimes contractual disputes can be interesting.  Ever hear the saying don’t mix business with pleasure? Well in a recent case, the Louisiana Court of Appeal was called upon to rule upon the terms of a settlement agreement that prohibited the parties from making disparaging or negative comments about each other.

In 2006, Mary N. Boros and Mark Lobell, after having a four-month sexual fiasco entered into a Settlement Agreement. The Settlement Agreement contained the terms and conditions for the termination of their professional and personal relationship.  A settlement agreement is a form of contract and just like any other contract its terms can be breached, or in other words dishonored by one or both of the parties who entered into the contract.  The Settlement Agreement here contained, among other provisions, a provision where Mary and Mark agreed not to say or author anything that disparages, criticizes, defames or otherwise reflects negatively upon the name of the other (the “non-disparagement” clause).

From September 22, 2003, through October 6, 2006, Mary was employed by a Louisiana company, Performance Medical, Inc. The company owned by Mark.  While Mary was employed by Performance Medical she engaged in a consensual sexual relationship with Mark, which lasted for approximately four months.  The facts are up in the air as to the circumstances surrounding Mary’s eventual termination from Mark’s company, but after Mary threatened to file a sexual harassment lawsuit against Mark the parties entered into the Settlement Agreement.  The controversy arose when Mary began a competing limited liability company named Specialized Diagnostics, L.L.C., and Mark allegedly infringed on her business by among other things making defamatory statements which included statements to the effect that Mary’s business practices were illegal. So, on December 18, 2007, Mary filed a petition for damages against Mark and his companies, alleging that he and/or members of his staff violated the non-disparagement clause of the Settlement Agreement.

school-bus-1-1450452-1024x683As the adage goes, there are two sides to every story and when it comes to lawsuits, the details of those stories can make the difference between a courtroom success and a case never making it to trial. A case arising out of Mandeville, Louisiana is the perfect example of just how important the details of a story can be.

At the beginning of many lawsuits, a good lawyer will often seek summary judgment when appropriate, which allows a case to be resolved before going to trial. A court will only grant summary judgment when there is no material issue of fact; if a reasonable jury could only find in favor of the party moving for summary judgment then there is no need for the case to move forward. In the case of April Curran, a few differing details in her recounting of events ensured that her case defeated a summary judgment motion and moved on to be heard at trial.

Student cell phone use was prohibited on Fontainebleau High School’s campus, but on September 24, 2008, April Curran, a sophomore at the school, missed the bus to her afternoon classes and used her cell phone to call her mother. Curran took morning classes at Fontainebleau and attended afternoon classes at the New Orleans Center for Creative Arts (NOCCA). A teacher who witnessed Curran’s phone use instructed Curran to give him the cell phone or go to the disciplinarian’s office. Curran refused to give the teacher her phone but told the teacher she needed to go to the NOCCA campus. The teacher called in Phillip Aleshire, a deputy with St. Tammy’s Parish Sheriff’s Office and the school’s resource officer, for assistance and told the officer Curran was attempting to get away.

hummer-h-2-1450806-1024x768The law often hinges on technicalities, which is why technical accuracy is critical in ensuring that all parties to a lawsuit have a fair and adequate understanding of the issue and that courts operate efficiently. Despite this importance, courts do not want justice to be skirted on the sole basis of a technical error. The Second Circuit Court of Louisiana emphasized this sentiment when it allowed a woman to recover damages for battery, despite the fact that she only alleged negligence in her pleadings. The court  was able to do so under Louisiana’s fact-pleading system which allows recovery as long as the facts necessary to establish a claim are pled.  

The incident from which this case arose occurred on July 14, 2012, on the shoulder of Highway 84 near Winnfield, Louisiana. Devon Zimmerman and Michael Carter were in a Monte Carlo when, according to Zimmerman, a person driving a Hummer, (Hummer) sideswiped the car. The vehicles then parked on the shoulder of Hwy. 84. After parking, Zimmerman and Hummer got into a physical altercation which Carter broke up. Minutes later another party arrived and parked behind Zimmerman’s Monte Carlo, trapping the car. One of the parties in the lawsuit alleged that the driver of the Hummer then returned to the Hummer and rammed the Monte Carlo three times. Zimmerman’s insurance company, State Farm, later determined that the Monte Carlo was a total loss.

Zimmerman filed suit against the parties who she believed were at fault and Progressive their insurance company. Progressive alleged that the events were not accidental. The Trial Court dismissed Progressive by directed verdict on the grounds that the acts by the driver of the Hummer were clearly intentional. The jury found the driver of the Hummer at fault for intentionally ramming the Monte Carlo, further finding that Zimmerman’s actions were not a proximate cause of the accident. The jury found that Zimmerman proved physical and emotional pain suffered as a result of the accident and awarded her $70,000 in general damages and $12,819.50 in medical special damages. It also found the driver of the Hummer liable for all costs of litigation.

hospital-02-1505482-1024x768Discrimination has always been a controversial topic in America and especially salient in the workplace context. The following case arises out of a situation where an employee felt that she was discriminated against based on her race and disability. She sued in federal court based on federal and state discrimination laws.

Ms. Shawlean Lee, a former employee of Tulane Hospital, filed the federal lawsuit without an attorney, known as proceeding “pro se.”  The controversy in question was the termination of her employment in November 2011. Soon after the termination of her employment, Ms. Lee followed the proper procedure by filing a Charge of Discrimination with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, also known as the EEOC.  About a year and a half later, in April 2013, the EEOC issued what is known as a “Right to Sue” letter, which stated that Ms. Lee had 90 days to file a legal action against her former employer for violations of federal discrimination laws.

Ms. Lee filed the federal lawsuit in September 2013, more than 90 days after receiving the “Right to Sue” letter from the EEOC.  As a result, Tulane Hospital moved to dismiss the complaint because it was untimely. In what would later be seen as a crucial oversight by Tulane Hospital, the motion to dismiss only mentioned the federal claims brought by Ms. Lee and not the state law claims. The Trial Court granted the hospital’s motion to dismiss and again Ms. Lee’s state law claims were overlooked. After the Trial Court dismissed Ms. Lee’s case, she appealed to the United States Fifth Circuit Court of Appeal. The Court of Appeal has analyzed the case and issued a brief five-page opinion.

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