Federico Martinez was among several workers hired by Jarislov Rames to lower a washer/dryer unit from Rames’ second floor apartment to street level. During the operation, one of the cords used to lower the unit broke loose and lacerated Martinez’s hand.
After the job was finished, Rames drove Martinez to the emergency room and paid the up-front $500 fee for Martinez to receive stitches. When Martinez demanded payment for the washer/dryer job, Rames withheld the $500 from Martinez’s pay and told Martinez that the rest of the emergency room fee would be deducted from future payments.
Martinez filed a Disputed Claim for Compensation with the OWC, arguing that Rames owed him workers’ compensation benefits due to his laceration injury. The OWC, after a hearing, held that Martinez was not entitled to benefits because he was not an employee of Rames; rather, Martinez was an independent contractor. Martinez appealed to the Louisiana Court of Appeal for the Fourth Circuit and, while he did not challenge that he was an independent contractor, he argued that the OWC court did not apply the “manual labor exception” to the independent contractor doctrine.
Before we examine the court’s analysis of Martinez’s appeal, let us consider the difference between an employee and independent contractor. In Louisiana, factors to help decide whether someone is an employee or an independent contractor include: a binding contract between the parties; an independent nature to the work; control belonging to the employer concerning only the result of the work; an agreed upon price; the type or duration of the work; and consequences such as breach of contract for at-will termination. Chaisson v. La. Rock Monsters, LLC, 140 So. 3d 55 (La. Ct. App. 2014). However, the most important element for an employee-employer relationship is the right of control. The court must consider the entirety of the circumstances in order to determine which party enjoyed this right. An independent contractor is defined under Louisiana law as someone who performs work, other than manual labor, for a definite payment for a specific result under the control of his employer only concerning the results of the work, not the method he uses to achieve the result. La. R.S. 23:1021(7).
There is an exception within this definition. An independent contractor can be entitled to workers’ compensation benefits if he can show that a substantial part of his work time was spent in manual labor for completing the terms of his contract with his employer, and the work he did was part of his employer’s trade business or occupation. Steinfelds v. Villarubia, 53 So. 3d 1275 (La. Ct. App. 2010). “Substantial” does not have a specific meaning or mathematical calculation in Louisiana jurisprudence, but work will be considered to be “part of the employer’s trade, business, or occupation” if it is an essential part of or crucial for the ability of the employer to produce its goods, products, or services. La. R.S. 23:1061(A)(1).
But what is “manual labor,” exactly? In its simplest form, manual labor is work that is more physical than mental. The Louisiana Supreme Court has held that the hands-on characteristic of labor plus the strenuous quality of the work is determinative of whether the work is considered “manual.” In this case, the Court of Appeal held that the OWC should have considered whether Martinez’s job met the requirements for the manual labor exception. Because the OWC found that Martinez was an independent contractor, it should have taken the next logical step to determine whether the job he was hired to perform was manual labor, thereby availing him of the exception for workers’ compensation benefits. Therefore, the Court of Appeal vacated the OWC’s decision and remanded Martinez’s case for further proceedings.
This case shows the impact of worker classification on workers’ compensation benefits entitlement. But it also shows how a significant exception to the independent contractor rule can make determining eligibility trickier than it might seem. Indeed, eligibility may turn on the fairly nebulous characterization of the work as “manual labor.” Anyone who is injured at work who faces confusion about his employment classification should consult with an experienced workers’ compensation attorney.
Additional Sources: Martinez v. Rames
Written by Berniard Law Firm Blog Writer: Sadie Gibson
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