Louisiana Personal Injury Lawyer Blog
Imagine you are driving home from work and you collide with another vehicle. Would your employer be liable for the damages? For most commuters, the employer is not accountable for any accidents that occur on the way to or from the place of work and the employee’s residence. But in certain cases, such as where an employee is traveling with a specific business purpose under the direction of the employer, the employer may be on the hook under a theory known as vicarious liability. Effectively, vicarious liability holds an employer liable for an employee’s negligence when the employee is acting within the scope of the employer’s business. La. C.C. art. 2320.
On December 20, 2009, James Richards was traveling from Texas to his home in Florida along Interstate 10. In Bienville Parish, Louisiana, Richards collided with a van, causing the death of the driver and severe, paralyzing injuries to the passenger, Ricky Winzer. In 2010, Winzer filed a lawsuit against Richards and Richards’s employer, Certified Constructors’ Service, Inc. (“CCSI”). Winzer alleged that Richards was acting in the course and scope of his employment at the time of the accident, making CCSI liable through the doctrine of vicarious liability. CCSI filed a motion for summary judgment, arguing that Richards was not employed at the time of the accident and therefore CCSI could not be liable for his negligence. The trial court, after an evidentiary hearing in which depositions, interrogatories, and payroll documents were submitted, granted CCSI’s motion. Winzer appealed to Louisiana’s Second Circuit Court of Appeal.
Upon review, the Court reiterated the general rule under Louisiana jurisprudence that an employer is not liable for an employee’s negligence when they are driving to and from work unless the employer provides the transportation, pays expenses or wages for the time spent traveling, or has assigned the employee a specific task to perform for the employer. See Woolard v. Atkinson, 988 So. 2d 836 (La. Ct. App. 2008). To determine if the employee’s actions fall within one of the above exceptions, courts must examine the following factors: the employer’s power of control; the employee’s duty to perform the act in question; the time, place, and purpose of the act in relation to the employment; the relationship between the employee’s act and the employer’s business; the benefits received by the employer from the act; the employee’s motivation for performing the act; and the employer’s reasonable expectation that the employee would perform the act. See Orgeron v. McDonald, 639 So. 2d 224 (La. 1994).
In this case, the Court found that the evidence in the record established that Richards’s employment with CCSI had been terminated at the time he departed Texas en route to his home in Florida. Further, the payments made by CCSI around the time of his employment termination, which Winzer alleged were for travel expenses, were unrelated to Richards’s return to Florida, and therefore did not bring his drive within the scope of his employment. Ultimately, none of the evidence provided during the trial court’s hearing supported any of the exceptions outlined in Orgeron, meaning that CCSI was not vicariously liable for Richards’s negligence and the resulting collision. The Court affirmed the trial court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of CCSI.
The question of whether an employer is liable for the actions of an employee is potentially complex, given that it turns on the weighing of many factors related to the nature of the relationship between the parties, the timing of the employee’s action, and the purpose of the employee’s activities. For this reason, it is essential to retain the services of an experienced attorney in any personal injury case where the defendant is or could be operating under the authority of his employer.
Additional Source: WINZER v. RICHARDS
Written by Berniard Law Firm Blog Writer: Lyndsey Fuller
Additional Berniard Law Firm Article on Vicarious Liability in Personal Injury Disputes: Prairieville Man Injured in Lunch Break in Company Vehicle Loses Summary Judgment Appeal